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Organelles are small structures, which perform specific functions in a cell. They are embedded within the cytoplasm of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Organelles are analogous to the internal organs of the body. They are specialized and carry out functions that allow cells to function normally like generating energy for cells and controlling the growth as well as reproduction of cells. Fundamental processes like cell respiration and photosynthesis also take place in the organelles. Some examples of the organelles found in animal and plant cells include the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi complex, lysosomes, chloroplast and vacuoles.
Modifying organelles through the genetic engineering process is possible. Genetic engineering allows scientists to alter the structure of genes. This is a deliberate modification that involves manipulating the genetic material of an organism directly. A genetically engineered organelle can give cells a new function. One or several traits that were not found in the organism in the past can be seen.
Cells have several copies of organelles and they contain their own DNA. Once foreign genes or artificial chromosomes are inserted into organelles, the cells multiply them. This leads to the creation of new cells that have many copies of the inserted genes. At times the plant cells can increase the copies of the organelles. Consequently, genetically engineered cells are able to secure a number of copies of the DNA, which has been inserted. This leads to increased level of expression of the engineered genes.
One significant advantage of genetically engineering an organelle, especially the plant chloroplast is making the engineered plants produce more. This enables farmers to grow more food at an affordable rate. When food is more affordable, it is easier to feed hungry populations around the world.
Another essential promise for genetically engineered organelles for the biotech industry is that the foreign DNA can be passed to the next generation. The organelles are transferred through maternal inheritance as matching copies. Female animals transfer matching copies to their offspring and plants to all the seeds they produce, without changes. This can ensure the stability of genetically engineered traits from one generation to the other.
The genetic engineering of organelles also enables researchers to change the way plants and animals grow. Maturity can take place faster. Plants can also mature even if the typical growing conditions are absent.
Genetic modification also helps to create resistance to typical forms of organism death. For instance, it is possible to include pest resistance to the genetic profiles of plants so that they may mature as crops without further additives. The genetic profiles of animals can also be modified to mitigate the risks of common health concerns which can affect the species or breed.
Modifying the organelles of cells also allows scientists to develop specific traits in plants and animals, making them more attractive for consumption or for use. It is possible to modify animals to grow more muscle tissue or produce more milk. Genetic engineering also allows for the creation of new products by combining or adding different profiles together. An example is taking a potato plant and altering its profile so that it can produce more nutrients per kilo calorie.
Modifying organelles through the genetic engineering process is possible. Genetic engineering allows scientists to alter the structure of genes. This is a deliberate modification that involves manipulating the genetic material of an organism directly. A genetically engineered organelle can give cells a new function. One or several traits that were not found in the organism in the past can be seen.
Cells have several copies of organelles and they contain their own DNA. Once foreign genes or artificial chromosomes are inserted into organelles, the cells multiply them. This leads to the creation of new cells that have many copies of the inserted genes. At times the plant cells can increase the copies of the organelles. Consequently, genetically engineered cells are able to secure a number of copies of the DNA, which has been inserted. This leads to increased level of expression of the engineered genes.
One significant advantage of genetically engineering an organelle, especially the plant chloroplast is making the engineered plants produce more. This enables farmers to grow more food at an affordable rate. When food is more affordable, it is easier to feed hungry populations around the world.
Another essential promise for genetically engineered organelles for the biotech industry is that the foreign DNA can be passed to the next generation. The organelles are transferred through maternal inheritance as matching copies. Female animals transfer matching copies to their offspring and plants to all the seeds they produce, without changes. This can ensure the stability of genetically engineered traits from one generation to the other.
The genetic engineering of organelles also enables researchers to change the way plants and animals grow. Maturity can take place faster. Plants can also mature even if the typical growing conditions are absent.
Genetic modification also helps to create resistance to typical forms of organism death. For instance, it is possible to include pest resistance to the genetic profiles of plants so that they may mature as crops without further additives. The genetic profiles of animals can also be modified to mitigate the risks of common health concerns which can affect the species or breed.
Modifying the organelles of cells also allows scientists to develop specific traits in plants and animals, making them more attractive for consumption or for use. It is possible to modify animals to grow more muscle tissue or produce more milk. Genetic engineering also allows for the creation of new products by combining or adding different profiles together. An example is taking a potato plant and altering its profile so that it can produce more nutrients per kilo calorie.
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